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vixedu
圣天使
英語中直接引語變間接引語法則?  
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英語中直接引語變間接引語法則?


yyxx
yyxx
風(fēng)云使者
回答于:2012/11/16 14:47:00

1、人稱代詞的變化

      直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化,一般情況下,與漢語中的變化相同?捎涀∫粋(gè)口訣:“一主、二賓、三不變”。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化,第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化,第三人稱一般不需要變化。

例如:1) He said, I am glad to see you. He said that he was glad to see me.

2) Do you know the man over there? Mary said to Tom. Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.

3) Jim said to me, Jane left her schoolbag at home. Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.

2、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化

1)當(dāng)引述的動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。

例如:Tom says, Our teacher is kind to us.   Tom says that their teacher is kind to them.

2)當(dāng)引述的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)形式時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞作如下變更:

      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)→不變

      一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

      一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

      現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)→不變

如果所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容表示客觀真理或有表示某一絕對(duì)具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語,間接引語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

例如:The teacher said, The earth is round. The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, I was born in 1980. He said that he was born in 1980.

3、常用詞匯的變化

      直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和表示“方向”動(dòng)詞的變化。如“this that, these those; now then, today that day, tomorrow the next (following) day, next week the next week, yesterday the day before, last night the night before, ago before; here there; come go.

      注意:如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必改為there, 動(dòng)詞come不必改為 go; 如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。

例如:Kate said, I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English. Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those children with their English.(不是在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述)→Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.(在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述)




yyxx
yyxx
風(fēng)云使者
回答于:2012/11/16 14:47:00
     4、時(shí)態(tài)變化

1)當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)

      直接引語是陳述句時(shí),間接引語用that引導(dǎo),但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。

例如:She said to me, I came back an hour ago. She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.

2)當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時(shí)

A 原句若為一般疑問句時(shí),用whetherif 轉(zhuǎn)述;原句若為選擇疑問句時(shí),用whetheror/or not;原句若為反意疑問句,則常用whetherif 轉(zhuǎn)述。疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said時(shí),要改為asked;沒有間接賓語時(shí),可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(如me,him等)。句末用句號(hào)。

B 當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句。如果直接引語是特殊疑問句,改為間接引語時(shí),仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo),其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況25條一樣。

例如:“What is your name? he asked me. He asked me what my name was.

如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中,疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語,則語序不需要變化。

例如:“Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class? asked the boys father. The boys father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

3)當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時(shí)

     直接引語為祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)“主語+asked/advised sb. (not) to do sth.”。

     需將原祈使句中謂語動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句,則用不定式的否定形式,即在不定式前加not。原主句謂語動(dòng)詞said須改為asked,toldordered,warnedadvised等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。原句有“please”時(shí),主句謂語多用asked(請求),并去掉please。

例如:He said to me, Shut the window, please. He asked me to shut the window.

4)直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)

      直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時(shí)仍可用whathow引導(dǎo),詞序不變,也可用that 引導(dǎo),將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。

例如:She said, What a lovely day it is! She said what a lovely day it was.



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