1、人稱代詞的變化

      直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同�？捎涀∫粋�(gè)口訣：“一主、二賓、三不變”。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。

例如：1) He said, “I am glad to see you.” → He said that he was glad to see me.

2) “Do you know the man over there?” Mary said to Tom. → Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.

3) Jim said to me, “Jane left her schoolbag at home.” → Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.

2、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化

1）當(dāng)引述的動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。

例如：Tom says, “Our teacher is kind to us.”  → Tom says that their teacher is kind to them.

2）當(dāng)引述的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)形式時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞作如下變更：

      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)→不變

      一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

      一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

      現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)→不變

如果所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容表示客觀真理或有表示某一絕對(duì)具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語，間接引語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

例如：The teacher said, “The earth is round.” → The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, “I was born in 1980.” → He said that he was born in 1980.

3、常用詞匯的變化

      直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和表示“方向”動(dòng)詞的變化。如“this → that, these → those; now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next (following) day, next week → the next week, yesterday → the day before, last night → the night before, ago → before; here → there; come → go.

      注意：如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述， here不必改為there, 動(dòng)詞come不必改為 go； 如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。

例如：Kate said, “I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.” → Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those children with their English.（不是在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述）→Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.（在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述）

1）當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)

      直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，間接引語用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。

例如：She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.” → She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.

2）當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時(shí)

A 原句若為一般疑問句時(shí)，用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述；原句若為選擇疑問句時(shí)，用whether…or…/…or not；原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述。疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked；沒有間接賓語時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語（如me，him等）。句末用句號(hào)。

B 當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句。如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況2—5條一樣。

例如：“What is your name?” he asked me. → He asked me what my name was.

如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。

例如：“Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?” asked the boy’s father. →The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

3）當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時(shí)

     直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)“主語+asked/advised sb. (not) to do sth.”。

     需將原祈使句中謂語動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。原主句謂語動(dòng)詞said須改為asked，told，ordered，warned或advised等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。原句有“please”時(shí)，主句謂語多用asked（請求），并去掉please。

例如：He said to me, “Shut the window, please.” →He asked me to shut the window.

4）直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)

      直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時(shí)仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用that 引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。

例如：She said, “What a lovely day it is!” →She said what a lovely day it was.