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At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997，it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able，through international agreements，to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and，more important，because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.

Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations，in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer，few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases，especially where there had been none.

51. The main purpose of this passage is to .

A. analyze the problem of global warming

B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions

C. convince people that global warming is a real threat

D. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

52. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that .

A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

B. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer

C. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

D. world technology is not able to solve the problem

53. In the passage the author implies that .

A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming

B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved

C. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layer

D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment

54. According to the author，it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because .

A. some people are irresponsible

B. it would cause a collapse of the world economy

C. it is only a goal to be reached in the future

D. some people are lacking in imagination

55. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?

A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.

B. They should provide advanced technology.

C. They should replace all the harmful substances.

D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

答案解析：

1997年12月在東京召開(kāi)了關(guān)于全球變暖的會(huì)議，很明顯：制定與環(huán)境有關(guān)的國(guó)際協(xié)議已經(jīng)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，是因?yàn)楦鱾�(gè)國(guó)家獨(dú)特的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。試圖禁止某些活動(dòng)或削減某些物質(zhì)排放的做法已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠了。環(huán)境與發(fā)展相互聯(lián)合的全球性挑戰(zhàn)逐漸把我們帶到國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的核心上來(lái)。20世紀(jì)80年代末，我們可以通過(guò)國(guó)際協(xié)議大幅度削減有害物質(zhì)向臭氧層的排放。我們之所以能夠削減，是因?yàn)樵S多可以替代有害化學(xué)物的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，更重要的是，有害物質(zhì)可以被代替而且不會(huì)給各國(guó)的就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)負(fù)作用。

盡管人們知道全球變暖的威脅已有幾十年，而且所有的國(guó)家和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都贊同我們需要處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但是，我們也知道，如果其他國(guó)家不控制他們的有害物質(zhì)排放，采取的措施，尤其是一些國(guó)家采取的緊急措施將會(huì)被抵消。雖然聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化小組發(fā)現(xiàn)：為了穩(wěn)定大氣一氧化碳的含量，全球二氧化碳的排放量必須減少60%，但是，由于一些原因顯示這種做法不切實(shí)際。這樣大幅度地削減將引起世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的崩潰。那些重要的、人口眾多的中低收入的國(guó)家不愿意對(duì)自己的能源消耗承擔(dān)法律義務(wù)。另外，世界技術(shù)水平還不允許我們做如此大的改進(jìn)。

當(dāng)然，我們必須在21世紀(jì)早期找到對(duì)付全球變暖威脅的解決方案。這樣的義務(wù)要求人們達(dá)成一定程度的共識(shí)，承擔(dān)共同的新責(zé)任。成功取決于想象力，取決于“如果我們不這樣做會(huì)發(fā)生什么”。盡管生活在寒帶的許多人會(huì)歡迎由于全球變暖導(dǎo)致的更溫暖的夏天，但是，很少有人會(huì)喜歡隨之而來(lái)的熱帶疾病，尤其是那些從未有過(guò)這些疾病的地區(qū)的人們。

51. 【正確答案】A

【考點(diǎn)類型】主旨判斷

【解析過(guò)程】文章的主要目的是 。

A. 分析全球變暖的問(wèn)題

B. 反對(duì)大幅度減少釋放物

C. 使人們相信全球變暖確實(shí)是一個(gè)威脅

D. 批評(píng)一些國(guó)家拒絕減少危害臭氧層的釋放物

線索1：文章的第1段提到“At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997.”

線索2：文章的第3段提到“We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.”表明選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是正確答案。

【考點(diǎn)提示】本文是一篇問(wèn)題解決型的文章，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是提出問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因，給出解決問(wèn)題的辦法，對(duì)辦法進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。本文提出的問(wèn)題是“全球變暖”，之后提出了解決辦法，但因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)的原因，解決方法并沒(méi)有得到徹底的貫徹，對(duì)此作者作了詳細(xì)的分析。所以，本文的主題應(yīng)該是分析全球變暖問(wèn)題。

52. 【正確答案】A

【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷

【解析過(guò)程】擺脫全球變暖威脅很困難的原因是 。

A. 并不是所有的國(guó)家都愿意大量減少釋放物

B. 許多人歡迎一個(gè)更熱夏天的全球變暖影響

C. 許多國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者并不完全明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性

D. 全世界的科技不能夠解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題

線索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium- income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”表明選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。

B選項(xiàng)在原文的第3段提到“Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summe...”原文的寒冷區(qū)域在選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以該選項(xiàng)不正確，犯了擴(kuò)大范圍的錯(cuò)誤。

C選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容相反“Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem.”

D選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容不符合“In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.”并沒(méi)有說(shuō)技術(shù)不能解決該問(wèn)題。

【考點(diǎn)提示】根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷有的時(shí)候比較容易判斷出選項(xiàng)的對(duì)與錯(cuò)。比如該題的選項(xiàng)A是比較容易選中的，內(nèi)容上比較概括，語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，和文章的中心非常貼近，這些都是正確選項(xiàng)的典型特征。選項(xiàng)B從常識(shí)的判斷就不太可能是正確的答案。不太可能許多人歡迎全球變暖的事實(shí)，這和文章的中心是截然相反。

53. 【正確答案】D

【考點(diǎn)類型】文章推斷

【解析過(guò)程】文章的作者暗示 。

A. 全世界最近意識(shí)到了全球變暖的威脅

B. 全球變暖的問(wèn)題在很大程度上已經(jīng)被解決

C. 總是很難能夠在減少危害臭氧層釋放物的世界公約上達(dá)成一致

D. 再也不容易達(dá)成和環(huán)境有關(guān)的世界公約

線索：文章的第1段的前幾句話明確地表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在達(dá)成和保護(hù)環(huán)境有關(guān)的世界公約非常不容易。第1段的后半部分表達(dá)了在20世紀(jì)80年代，這種協(xié)議和措施是比較容易貫徹的，所以選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。選項(xiàng)C的“總是”太絕對(duì)化了，所以不正確。選項(xiàng)A和原文第2段的第1句話不符合，全世界數(shù)十年前就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B顯然和原文的內(nèi)容相反。

【考點(diǎn)提示】推斷題是一種�？嫉念}型。標(biāo)志：learn，infer，imply，inform.

(1) 看是否可以通過(guò)題干返回原文或依據(jù)選項(xiàng)返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理。推理題無(wú)論通過(guò)題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點(diǎn)上。

(2) 依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的判斷。先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項(xiàng)可能是正確答案。推理題不是考查我們的想象力，它實(shí)際是考查我們對(duì)原文中的某幾個(gè)點(diǎn)如一個(gè)、兩個(gè)點(diǎn)所涉及的問(wèn)題是否讀透。因此，不推的比推的好;推得近的比推得遠(yuǎn)的要好。

54. 【正確答案】B

【考點(diǎn)類型】因果關(guān)系

【解析過(guò)程】根據(jù)作者表達(dá)，目前不可能在全球范圍減少60%的二氧化碳釋放物，因?yàn)?。

A. 一些人不負(fù)責(zé)任

B. 這些導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰

C. 僅是未來(lái)要達(dá)到的一個(gè)目標(biāo)

D. 一些人缺乏想象力

線索：文章的第2段提到“Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”表明是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因，所以選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

55. 【正確答案】D

【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷

【解析過(guò)程】所有國(guó)家應(yīng)該做些什么以幫助解決全球變暖的問(wèn)題?

A. 他們應(yīng)該再召開(kāi)一屆全球氣候變化會(huì)議。

B. 他們應(yīng)該提供高科技。

C. 他們應(yīng)該替代所有的有害物質(zhì)。

D. 他們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)對(duì)于他們能源使用的法律承諾。

線索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口眾多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”所以，解決全球變暖的問(wèn)題需要全部國(guó)家在法律上做出承諾。

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